History and Evolution of Application Development DSE Practice Questions (Page 9)

Questions 41–45

1. 41expert · hard

   A large enterprise is migrating a legacy monolithic application to a microservices architecture. The application has complex transactions that span multiple modules, and the team is concerned about data consistency. They also need to meet strict compliance requirements for audit logging. Which approach best balances the benefits of microservices with the need for consistency and compliance?

   • AUse a single shared database for all microservices to maintain consistency.
   • BKeep the application as a monolith to preserve ACID transactions and simplify audit logging.
   • CImplement distributed transactions using two-phase commit across all services.
   • DDecompose the application into microservices, each with its own database, and use the Saga pattern for distributed transactions.
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2. 42application · medium

   A financial services firm has a critical batch-processing application written in procedural C. The team is evaluating whether to migrate to a functional programming language to improve testability and concurrency. The application processes large datasets with complex stateful transformations. Which consideration is most important when deciding whether functional programming is appropriate?

   • AFunctional programming eliminates all side effects, making it always the best choice for batch processing.
   • BProcedural languages are obsolete and should be replaced regardless of the application's needs.
   • CFunctional programming's emphasis on immutability and pure functions can simplify testing and parallel processing.
   • DThe existing procedural code can be automatically converted to functional without behavior changes.
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4. 43application · medium

   A startup is building a new application and must decide on a programming language. The team is split between using a low-level language for performance and a high-level language for developer productivity. The application is a web service that will handle variable traffic and needs to be developed quickly. Which choice best reflects the historical evolution from low-level to high-level languages while meeting the business need?

   • AUse a high-level language with a framework that supports rapid development and deploy it as a microservice.
   • BWrite the entire application in machine code to avoid any abstraction overhead.
   • CUse a procedural language without any framework to keep the code simple.
   • DUse assembly language to maximize performance and control over hardware.
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5. 44foundation · easy

   What was a key advantage of high-level languages (e.g., FORTRAN, COBOL) over assembly language in early application development?

   • AThey produced smaller executable files than hand-written assembly
   • BThey eliminated the need for any compiler or interpreter
   • CThey provided greater portability across different computer systems
   • DThey allowed direct manipulation of hardware registers without any abstraction
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6. 45application · medium

   An organization is migrating its on-premises monolithic application to the cloud. The application currently runs on a single server and is accessed by employees via a VPN. The goal is to make the application more resilient and scalable. The team wants to adopt cloud-native principles without a full rewrite. Which approach is most aligned with modern development practices?

   • AKeep the application on-premises but add a backup server.
   • BContainerize the application and deploy it to a Kubernetes cluster with horizontal pod autoscaling.
   • CRewrite the application using a serverless function for every endpoint.
   • DMove the application to a single large virtual machine in the cloud to preserve the current architecture.
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