History and Evolution of Application Development DSE Practice Questions (Page 2)

Questions 6–10

1. 6application · medium

   An e-commerce platform currently runs as a single monolithic application. The team wants to adopt microservices to improve scalability and enable independent deployments. However, the operations team is unfamiliar with container orchestration. Which transition strategy is most aligned with modern development practices while minimizing operational risk?

   • ARewrite the entire monolith as microservices in one release and deploy to a new platform.
   • BStart by extracting one bounded context into a containerized service and use a managed orchestration platform.
   • CSplit the monolith into microservices and deploy them directly on virtual machines without orchestration.
   • DKeep the monolith but add a CI/CD pipeline to automate builds and tests.
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2. 7application · medium

   A legacy mainframe system stores critical business logic as a single monolithic program written in COBOL. The organization wants to modernize incrementally while preserving the existing business rules. The team proposes rewriting the COBOL into a modern object-oriented language. Which approach best aligns with the historical evolution of programming paradigms while minimizing risk?

   • AWrap the COBOL program with a service interface and gradually replace modules with object-oriented components.
   • BExtract business rules into small, well-tested functions in a functional language and call them from COBOL.
   • CRewrite the entire COBOL program into Java in one release, then refactor into services.
   • DMigrate the COBOL program to the cloud as-is and continue maintaining it without changes.
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4. 8foundation · easy

   What was a major impact of the internet on application development in the 1990s?

   • AApplications were developed exclusively for mainframe computers with no user interface
   • BDevelopers shifted from standalone desktop software to web-based applications that could be accessed via browsers
   • CThe need for client-server architecture was eliminated because all processing moved to the client
   • DApplications became completely static with no dynamic content or user interaction
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5. 9expert · hard

   A team is developing a new microservice that processes real-time financial transactions. They are debating between using a functional programming language with immutable data structures and an object-oriented language with mutable state. The service must handle high throughput and minimize latency. Which choice is most defensible?

   • AUse procedural programming for maximum performance.
   • BUse functional programming with immutable data to avoid race conditions and improve concurrency.
   • CUse a mix of paradigms to leverage the best of both worlds.
   • DUse object-oriented programming because it is more familiar to the team.
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6. 10foundation · easy

   What is a key difference between the waterfall model and agile methodologies in software development?

   • AWaterfall emphasizes customer collaboration, while agile focuses on contract negotiation
   • BWaterfall delivers working software in small increments, while agile delivers all at once at the end
   • CWaterfall follows a linear, sequential flow of phases, while agile uses iterative cycles with continuous feedback
   • DWaterfall is best for projects with changing requirements, while agile requires fixed requirements from the start
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