History and Evolution of Application Development DSE Practice Questions (Page 3)

Questions 11–15

1. 11foundation · easy

   In the evolution of programming paradigms, what is a defining characteristic of object-oriented programming (OOP) compared to procedural programming?

   • ACode is organized into reusable functions that operate on data passed as parameters
   • BData and the operations that act on that data are bundled together into objects
   • CPrograms avoid any state and rely solely on pure functions to compute results
   • DPrograms are structured as a sequence of instructions that manipulate shared global data
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2. 12expert · hard

   A team is maintaining a legacy system written in assembly language. They need to add new features but lack developers skilled in assembly. The team is considering rewriting the system in a high-level language. The system is critical and cannot have extended downtime. Which strategy best balances the need for new features with the constraint of limited downtime?

   • AGradually replace assembly modules with high-level language components using a facade pattern.
   • BRewrite the entire system in a high-level language and switch over in one maintenance window.
   • CContinue writing new features in assembly to avoid any rewrite risk.
   • DUse an automated converter to translate assembly to a high-level language in one step.
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4. 13application · medium

   A team is building a new data processing pipeline. The pipeline needs to handle a stream of events and apply a series of transformations. The team values immutability and predictable behavior to reduce bugs. Which programming paradigm is best suited for this?

   • AFunctional programming, using pure functions and immutable data.
   • BObject-oriented programming, using inheritance and polymorphism.
   • CAssembly language programming for maximum control.
   • DProcedural programming, using loops and global variables.
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5. 14foundation · easy

   What is the primary goal of the DevOps movement in application development?

   • ATo eliminate the need for automated testing and rely solely on manual QA
   • BTo separate development and operations teams so they can work independently
   • CTo increase the frequency of software releases by fostering collaboration between development and operations
   • DTo ensure that all software is developed using the waterfall model
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6. 15expert · hard

   A company is transitioning from a waterfall to an agile development process. The team is distributed across multiple time zones and has a mix of senior and junior developers. They want to adopt CI/CD but are concerned about the learning curve and the risk of breaking the main branch. Which strategy best mitigates these risks while promoting agile principles?

   • AUse a single shared branch for all work and run tests only at the end of the sprint.
   • BDelay CI/CD adoption until all developers are fully trained.
   • CImplement feature branches with mandatory code reviews and a CI pipeline that runs tests on every pull request.
   • DHave all developers commit directly to the main branch and rely on the CI pipeline to catch issues.
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