History and Evolution of Application Development DSE Practice Questions (Page 4)

Questions 16–20

1. 16application · medium

   A development team is refactoring a legacy procedural codebase to improve maintainability. The code has many global variables and functions that operate on shared data, leading to bugs. The team wants to adopt a paradigm that better encapsulates data and behavior. Which paradigm should they choose?

   • AObject-oriented programming, using classes to bundle data and methods together.
   • BStructured programming, focusing on breaking code into smaller functions.
   • CMachine code programming to eliminate abstraction overhead.
   • DAssembly language programming to have more control over memory.
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2. 17application · medium

   A startup is building a new product and must choose a programming language. The team is split between using a low-level language like C for performance and a high-level language like Python for developer productivity. The product requires rapid iteration and frequent feature releases. Which choice best reflects the historical evolution of programming languages and the team's need for speed?

   • AUse assembly language to ensure the fastest possible execution.
   • BUse Python for the main application and C only for performance-critical modules.
   • CUse Python exclusively and accept performance limitations in all areas.
   • DUse C for all components to maximize performance and control.
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4. 18expert · hard

   A team is developing a firmware application for an embedded device with very limited memory and processing power. The application must be highly efficient and have predictable timing. The team is considering using a high-level language for productivity or a low-level language for performance. Which choice best balances the constraints?

   • AUse assembly language for maximum control over hardware.
   • BUse Java, which is platform-independent and has automatic memory management.
   • CUse Python, which is easier to write and has a rich ecosystem.
   • DUse C, a high-level language that still provides low-level memory access and predictable performance.
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5. 19expert · hard

   A company is moving a legacy client-server application to a microservices architecture on the cloud. The application has strict data residency requirements, and the team is considering a multi-region deployment for high availability. The operations team wants to minimize complexity. Which strategy best addresses these competing constraints?

   • ADeploy microservices in a single region to simplify operations, ignoring data residency.
   • BKeep the monolith on-premises because microservices cannot meet data residency.
   • CUse a multi-region deployment with data replication across all regions to ensure availability.
   • DDeploy in multiple regions but keep data in the required region and use active-passive failover.
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6. 20expert · hard

   A development team is working on a real-time analytics platform. The system needs to process a high volume of events with low latency. The team is debating between using functional programming for its immutability and concurrency benefits, and object-oriented programming for its familiarity. The team has experience in OOP but not in functional programming. Which approach best balances the technical requirements with the team's skill set?

   • AUse a mix of both paradigms without clear boundaries, using OOP for the UI and functional for the backend.
   • BAdopt functional programming for the core event-processing components, while providing training and pairing for the team.
   • CHire external consultants to rewrite the entire system in a functional language.
   • DStick with OOP because the team is familiar, and use locking mechanisms to handle concurrency.
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