PCAP-31-03 1.5 Create and Use User-Defined Modules and Packages PCAP-31 Practice Questions (Page 6)

Questions 26–30

1. 26application · easy

   A developer has a module `math_helpers.py` that defines a function `add(a, b)` and a constant `_pi = 3.14159`. Another script imports the module with `import math_helpers`. The developer wants to use the `add` function but does not want to accidentally access `_pi`. What is the best practice for the developer to follow?

   • AAccess `add` via `math_helpers.add()` and avoid accessing `_pi` directly.
   • BRename `_pi` to `pi` in the module.
   • CUse `import math_helpers as mh` and access `mh._pi`.
   • DUse `from math_helpers import *` to import only public names.
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2. 27expert · medium

   A developer has a package `payment` with the following `__init__.py`: ```python from . import gateway from . import validator __all__ = ['gateway', 'validator'] ``` The developer wants to add a new submodule `refund.py` to the package. The developer wants `from payment import *` to import `refund` as well. What change is required?

   • ARename `refund.py` to `_refund.py`.
   • BOnly add `'refund'` to `__all__`.
   • CAdd `from . import refund` and add `'refund'` to `__all__`.
   • DOnly add `from . import refund`.
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4. 28application · medium

   A team is organizing shared code into a package named `analytics`. The package directory contains `analytics/__init__.py`, `analytics/stats.py`, and `analytics/plotting.py`. The team wants `from analytics import stats` to work, but they also want `import analytics` to automatically make the `stats` submodule available as `analytics.stats` without an explicit import. What should be added to `analytics/__init__.py`?

   • A`import stats`
   • B`from . import stats`
   • C`from stats import *`
   • D`__all__ = ['stats']`
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5. 29foundation · easy

   If a directory contains subdirectories but no `__init__.py` files, how can its modules be imported?

   • AThey can be imported using the `from dir import *` syntax.
   • BThey cannot be imported as a package; each module must be imported individually if its directory is on `sys.path`.
   • CThey can be imported using the package syntax `import dir.module`.
   • DThey can be imported automatically by placing the directory in the `PYTHONPATH`.
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6. 30foundation · easy

   How can you add a directory to Python's module search path at runtime?

   • ABy using the `importlib.add_path()` function
   • BBy using the `os.add_path()` function
   • CBy appending the directory to `sys.path`
   • DBy setting the `PYTHONPATH` environment variable inside the script
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