A security analyst is writing a Python script to parse log lines. They need a function that accepts a variable number of key-value pairs (e.g., 'src_ip=10.0.0.1', 'dst_port=443') and returns a formatted string for each pair. The function must also accept an optional 'separator' argument that defaults to '='. Which function signature and implementation satisfies the requirement?

def fmt(**kwargs): return '\n'.join(f'{k}={v}' for k, v in kwargs.items())

def fmt(*args, sep='='): return '\n'.join(f'{a}{sep}' for a in args)

def fmt(sep='=', **kwargs): return '\n'.join(f'{k}{sep}{v}' for k, v in kwargs.items())

def fmt(**kwargs, sep='='): return '\n'.join(f'{k}{sep}{v}' for k, v in kwargs.items())

A developer is debugging a script that processes network packets. The script defines a global variable 'packet_count' and a function 'process_packet()' that increments it. The developer notices that after calling the function, the global variable remains unchanged. Which code change correctly fixes the issue?

Add 'global packet_count' at the top of the function before incrementing.

Rename the local variable to 'packet_count_local' and use it after the function.

Use 'nonlocal packet_count' inside the function.

Move the function definition inside the main block of the script.

GIAC Python Coder

Domain 1Objective 4

Functions, Classes and Objects GPYC Practice Questions (Page 2)

Part of the Python Fundamentals domain, which makes up ~43% of our current practice bank. GIAC (SANS) does not publish an official question count, but from its 120-minute exam (~50–80 total, ~22–34 in this domain), expect 4–7 from this objective — we provide 45 practice questions to prepare you well beyond it. (estimate)

45questions here

9free pages

14concepts

Questions 6–10

6foundation · easy
Which special method is called when an object is created?
Select an answer first
7foundation · easy
Which type of argument is passed to a function by specifying the parameter name and value, like `func(name="Alice")`?
Select an answer first
8application · medium
A security analyst is writing a Python script to parse log lines. They need a function that accepts a variable number of key-value pairs (e.g., 'src_ip=10.0.0.1', 'dst_port=443') and returns a formatted string for each pair. The function must also accept an optional 'separator' argument that defaults to '='. Which function signature and implementation satisfies the requirement?
Select an answer first
9application · easy
A developer is creating a 'Resource' class that holds a file handle. They want to ensure that when an instance is garbage collected, the file handle is closed. Which special method should they implement?
Select an answer first
10application · medium
A developer is debugging a script that processes network packets. The script defines a global variable 'packet_count' and a function 'process_packet()' that increments it. The developer notices that after calling the function, the global variable remains unchanged. Which code change correctly fixes the issue?
Select an answer first

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Functions, Classes and Objects GPYC Practice Questions (Page 2)

Questions 6–10

Which special method is called when an object is created?

Which type of argument is passed to a function by specifying the parameter name and value, like `func(name="Alice")`?

A developer is creating a 'Resource' class that holds a file handle. They want to ensure that when an instance is garbage collected, the file handle is closed. Which special method should they implement?

Keep studying — Python Fundamentals