Infrastructure as Code and Configuration Management Tools DSE Practice Questions (Page 8)

Questions 36–40

1. 36application · medium

   A team manages a large number of servers that run a legacy application. They have been using manual configuration, and they are seeing inconsistencies between servers. They want to adopt a configuration management tool that uses a declarative model, where they define the desired state and the tool automatically brings the system to that state. Which tool and approach should they use?

   • AUse a custom script that runs once to configure all servers to the desired state.
   • BUse Terraform with configuration files that describe the desired state of the servers.
   • CUse Ansible with playbooks that describe the desired state of the system.
   • DUse Chef with recipes that specify the exact steps to configure the system.
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2. 37expert · hard

   A company is using Terraform to manage its AWS infrastructure. They have a requirement that any changes to the infrastructure must be reviewed and approved by a security team before being applied. They also want to have a clear audit trail of who made changes and when. Which practice is the most effective?

   • AUse a script that automatically runs terraform apply on a schedule, without any review.
   • BStore the Terraform state file in a shared S3 bucket and have team members run terraform apply directly from their local machines.
   • CHave a senior engineer review the Terraform code in a pull request and then run terraform apply manually.
   • DUse a CI/CD pipeline that runs terraform plan, requires a manual approval step, and then runs terraform apply, with all changes logged.
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4. 38application · medium

   A DevOps team is setting up a new environment. They use Terraform to create the cloud network and VMs, and they use Ansible to install and configure the software on those VMs. Which statement best describes the relationship between these two tools in this workflow?

   • AAnsible is used for provisioning the infrastructure, and Terraform is used for configuring the software.
   • BTerraform and Ansible are interchangeable, and either one could be used for both tasks.
   • CTerraform is used to manage the configuration of the operating system, and Ansible is used to manage the cloud resources.
   • DTerraform is used for provisioning the infrastructure, and Ansible is used for configuring the software on that infrastructure.
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5. 39expert · hard

   A team uses Ansible to manage a fleet of servers. They have a playbook that installs a specific version of a package. One day, a developer manually updates the package to a newer version on a few servers to test a feature. The team wants to ensure that these manual changes are reverted automatically, but they also want to be notified when this happens. Which approach is the most effective?

   • ADisable Ansible from running on those servers to prevent it from reverting the changes.
   • BAsk the developer to manually revert the changes on the servers they modified.
   • CUse a separate monitoring tool to check the package version and alert the team, but do not use Ansible to revert it.
   • DConfigure Ansible to run the playbook every hour and have it send an email alert if it makes a change.
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6. 40foundation · easy

   Which statement accurately distinguishes Infrastructure as Code from configuration management?

   • AIaC focuses on the desired state of software packages, while configuration management focuses on the desired state of hardware
   • BIaC manages the provisioning of infrastructure resources, while configuration management manages the software configuration on those resources
   • CIaC is a subset of configuration management and does not require separate tools
   • DIaC is used for cloud resources, while configuration management is used only for on-premises servers
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