Describe the Technological Challenges Posed by Big Data DATA-SCIENCE-FOUNDATIONS Practice Questions (Page 6)

Questions 26–30

1. 26foundation · easy

   A company's data volume is growing rapidly, and they need to accommodate this growth. Which scaling approach is most commonly associated with Big Data systems?

   • ADiagonal scaling
   • BHorizontal scaling
   • CVertical scaling
   • DStatic scaling
   Reveal Solution Discussion Select an answer first
2. 27application · medium

   A government agency needs to combine census data (CSV files), property tax records (XML), and satellite imagery (GeoTIFF) to analyze urban development. The data comes from different departments with different formats and coordinate systems. What is the most significant challenge in this integration effort?

   • AThe data has different formats and structures that must be reconciled.
   • BThe data is of poor quality and cannot be trusted.
   • CThe data is arriving too fast to process in real time.
   • DThe data is too large to store on a single server.
   Reveal Solution Discussion Select an answer first
4. 28application · medium

   A startup's web analytics platform currently runs on a single powerful server. As the user base grows, the data volume doubles every six months, and the server is reaching its maximum capacity. The team needs a solution that can grow with the data without requiring a complete system redesign each time. What is the most appropriate scaling strategy?

   • ACompress the data before storing it on the server.
   • BUpgrade the server to a larger model with more CPUs and RAM.
   • CAdopt a distributed system that can add more commodity servers to the cluster as needed.
   • DArchive older data to tape storage to keep the server from filling up.
   Reveal Solution Discussion Select an answer first
5. 29application · medium

   A hospital network stores patient records, including protected health information (PHI), in a data lake for research. They are subject to HIPAA regulations. A recent audit found that some researchers have access to more data than they need, and there is no clear record of who accessed what data. What is the most critical challenge they must address?

   • AData volume; they need to reduce the amount of PHI stored in the data lake.
   • BData velocity; they need to process the data faster for research.
   • CData variety; they need to standardize the format of patient records.
   • DData security and privacy; they need to implement fine-grained access controls and audit logging.
   Reveal Solution Discussion Select an answer first
6. 30expert · hard

   A large e-commerce company runs a Hadoop cluster of 500 nodes for its analytics. During a major sale event, the cluster experiences a 'data skew' problem where a few nodes process most of the data while others remain idle, causing the overall job to run much slower than expected. The team needs to improve job performance. What is the most effective strategy to address this distributed computing challenge?

   • ARun the job on a smaller cluster to reduce coordination overhead.
   • BImplement a custom partitioner that distributes data more evenly across the reducers based on key distribution.
   • CIncrease the number of nodes in the cluster to provide more resources.
   • DUse a combiner to reduce the amount of data shuffled to the reducers.
   Reveal Solution Discussion Select an answer first